Geotechnical engineering is a boundary value problem. Appropriate and well planned subsurface investigation program consisting of test boring, test pit, geophysical test, and laboratory test is required to address the uncertainties associated with hidden subsurface conditions and assess engineering properties of soils and rocks for cost effective foundation design. Very detailed site specific geotechnical and geophysical data as well as a thorough understanding of  the local geologic environment are essential to the proper prediction of local site effects and seismic design.